What is a Chalazion?
A chalazion is an eye condition characterized by a small, painless lump or swelling that forms on the eyelid.
Unlike a stye, which is often painful and caused by infection, a chalazion typically develops more slowly and usually isn’t painful.
A chalazion often resolves on its own, but in some cases, it may require treatment.
Chalazion Causes
Chalazia form when one of the oil-producing glands in the eyelid (called meibomian glands) becomes blocked or inflamed. This blockage prevents the natural oils from draining properly, leading to the development of one or more lumps.
Several factors can contribute to the formation of a chalazion:
- Chronic Blepharitis: Inflammation of the eyelid margins can increase the likelihood of blocked glands.
- Seborrheic Dermatitis: This skin condition affects oil production and can lead to blockages.
- Rosacea: People with rosacea, particularly ocular rosacea, are more prone to chalazion.
- Previous Styes: A stye that doesn’t fully heal can evolve into a chalazion.
- Poor Eyelid Hygiene: Infrequent cleaning of the eyelids may contribute to gland blockages.
- Skin Conditions or Infections: Certain skin infections or other inflammatory conditions can increase the risk of chalazion.
While chalazia are not usually caused by infections, maintaining good eyelid hygiene and addressing underlying skin conditions can help reduce the chances of developing one.
Chalazion Symptoms
A chalazion typically presents as a small, painless lump under the eyelid, but depending on its size and location, it can cause other symptoms.
Common signs of a chalazion include:
- Mild discomfort: While usually painless, larger chalazion may cause pressure or pain in the eye.
- Swelling of the eyelid: The affected eyelid may appear swollen or slightly red, though not as inflamed as with a stye.
- Blurred or obstructed vision: If the chalazion grows large enough, it can press against the eye and interfere with vision.
- Sensitivity to light: Some individuals may experience light sensitivity as the chalazion develops.
If you notice a lump under your eyelid that persists or grows, it’s essential to consult an eye care professional to confirm if it’s a chalazion and determine the best course of treatment.
Is a Chalazion Contagious?
No, a chalazion is not contagious. It is caused by a blocked oil gland in the eyelid and is not caused by bacteria or viruses, so it cannot spread from one person to another.
Can You Prevent Chalazion?
While it’s not always possible to completely prevent a chalazion, you can reduce the risk by following these simple practices:
- Maintain Good Eyelid Hygiene: Regularly clean your eyelids with a gentle cleanser or eyelid scrub to remove oil and debris that can block glands.
- Avoid Touching Your Eyes: Keep your hands away from your eyes to reduce the risk of introducing dirt and bacteria.
- Manage Skin Conditions: If you have conditions like rosacea or blepharitis, treat them with prescribed medications to reduce inflammation and prevent gland blockages.
- Use Warm Compresses: Applying warm compresses to your eyelids periodically can help keep the oil glands functioning correctly and prevent blockages.
- Remove Makeup Thoroughly: Remove all eye makeup before bed to prevent it from clogging your eyelid glands.
Incorporating these habits into your daily routine can help minimize the chances of developing a chalazion.
How to Treat a Chalazion
A chalazion often resolves on its own, but several treatment methods can help speed up healing and reduce discomfort:
Warm Compresses and Massage
Applying a warm compress to the affected eyelid for 10-15 minutes, 3-5 times daily, can soften the blocked oil gland and encourage the chalazion to drain naturally. Following the compress, gently massaging the eyelid may further help break the blockage.
Over-the-Counter Medications
Anti-inflammatory eye drops or ointments can be used to reduce swelling and provide relief while the chalazion heals.
Chalazion Drainage
We may recommend surgical drainage if your chalazion doesn’t improve with home care or becomes particularly bothersome. This procedure involves numbing the area, making a small incision inside the eyelid, and draining the contents of the chalazion. The outpatient process takes about 20 minutes, and healing typically occurs within 1-2 weeks.
Whether the chalazion drains naturally or requires surgery, most cases resolve within a few weeks with proper care, allowing the eyelid to return to normal.
Potential Risks and Complications of Chalazion Surgery
Chalazion surgery is generally safe, but like any procedure, it carries some risks and potential complications. These can include:
- Infection: Although rare, an infection can develop at the incision site. This is typically managed with antibiotic eye drops or ointments.
- Scarring: Minor scarring on the inside of the eyelid is possible, though it is uncommon and usually not noticeable or problematic.
- Bleeding or Bruising: Some bleeding or bruising around the eyelid may occur, but this typically resolves within a few days after surgery.
- Recurrence: Sometimes, the chalazion may recur after surgery, especially if the underlying gland dysfunction persists.
- Temporary Blurred Vision: Blurred vision can occur following the procedure but usually resolves as the eye heals.
Surgery may result in a slight eyelid deformity in rare cases, especially if a large chalazion is removed.
Most people recover quickly without complications, but following your doctor’s post-operative instructions is vital to minimize risks.
